Monday, February 13, 2012

Valentine’s Day: How It All Began


Through the years, this day of Valentine has seen a lot. From ancient martyrs to modern-day romantics, Valentine's Day has always been an eventful day for most. As we passionately give gifts, or wait for them, let us delve a little deeper and find out the history behind this day of love.

Flowers, chocolates, heart-shaped outlines, greeting cards, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid – this is just part of a bigger picture. We do know that February has long been celebrated as a month of romance, and that St. Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Western and Eastern traditions. Families dining out, friends roaming streets, couples holding hands, lovers locked in a kiss, people blind-dating, strangers getting together, children playing and laughing about – loving, caring, hoping.

But behind these romantic scenes are images of a gruesome past – lots of blood, so red, so bloody red. Valentine’s Day is said to be commemorated all in the name of atleast three different martyred saints named Valentine – Valentine of Rome, Valentine of Terni and the Catholic Encyclopedia also speaks of a third saint named Valentine of Alexandria who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. There has always been a big confusion as to who exactly was St. Valentine. History talks about three people, the Roman saint Valentine who was a bishop, Valentine of Terni and Valentine of Alexandria who is better known as Valentinus, who were martyred on the very day (i.e., 14th February) for committing the sin of 'spreading love'.

All three have died in the name of love. Valentine of Rome was a priest who defied Emperor Claudius II and continued to perform marriages in secret. Claudius decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men. Valentine of Rome was thrown in prison and later on put to death when his actions were discovered. During his stay in jail, the young people of Rome, who threw flowers and notes through his prison window, visited him. These people wanted him to know that they, too, believed in love. One of them was the daughter of the prison guard. Her father allowed her to visit Valentine of Rome in his cell and they sat and talked for hours. She kept his spirits up and agreed that Valentine had done the right thing by ignoring Emperor Claudius and pushing through with the secret marriages. On the day of his death, Valentine left her a note signed, ‘Love from your Valentine’.

A similar story revolves around Valentine of Terni. Noted evangelist, miracle worker and healer, he was much loved by his flock. It is said that he was devoted to the cause of spreading the message of love and forgiveness among people and is known to have mystical powers. He could heal wounds and cure incurable diseases miraculously. He was considered the messenger of God. However, at that time Christianity was not the accepted religion and Christians were prosecuted. Hence, this saintly man was beheaded for his faith and beliefs. He was imprisoned, tortured, and beheaded by order of the prefect Placid Furius during the persecution of Aurelius. He was murdered in secret and at night to avoid riots and revenge by the people of Terni.

Valentine of Alexandria on the other hand, believed in spiritual love. He said that there are three kinds of people, spiritual, psychical and material, and those who were of the first kind (i.e., spiritual) were blessed with the knowledge (or gnosis). Therefore, spirituality can alone lead a man to his salvation. He also preached the importance of marriage, however, it clashed with the growing asceticism of Christian thought. There have been churches dedicated to Valentine of Alexandria and his disciples spread his message of love to date.

While some believed that Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the middle of February to commemorate Saint Valentine’s death, others claim that the Christian church may have decided to place St. Valentine's feast day in the middle of February in an effort to "Christianize" the pagan celebration of Lupercalia. Celebrated at the ides of February, or February 15, Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus and Remus.

To begin the festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at a sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or lupa. The priests would sacrifice a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for purification. They would then strip the goat's hide into strips, dip them into the sacrificial blood and take to the streets, gently slapping both women and crop fields with the goat hide. Far from being fearful, Roman women welcomed the touch of the hides because it was believed to make them more fertile in the coming year. Later in the day, according to legend, all the young women in the city would place their names in a big urn. The city's bachelors would each choose a name and become paired for the year with his chosen woman. These matches often ended in marriage.

While sending cards, flowers, chocolates, and other gifts is traditional in the Philippines and other countries around the world, Valentine’s Day has various local customs. We all have heard the phrase ‘wearing your heart on your sleeve, but the phrase has actually come from Middle ages, when according to a popular tradition, young men and women would draw chits from a bowl, to know the names of their valentines and then, would wear that name on their sleeve for the entire week.

Hundreds of years ago in England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentine's Day. They went singing from home to home. One verse they sang was:
Good morning to you, valentine;
Curl your locks as I do mine ---
Two before and three behind.
Good morning to you, valentine

In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favourite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!"

In some countries, a young woman may receive a gift of clothing from a young man. If she keeps the gift, it means she will marry him.

Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine's Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire.

Think of five or six names of boys or girls you might marry, As you twist the stem of an apple, recite the names until the stem comes off. You will marry the person whose name you were saying when the stem fell off.

A day for the celebration of love is what Valentine is. In the hustle-bustle, we must not forget this small, yet, important fact. A relationship survives on the pillars of love and trust. We celebrate this day to remind ourselves how much we need the people we love and what role they play in our lives. Therefore, let us celebrate this day for those who stood by us through thick and thin, for those who willingly accept us for what we are and for those, who have faith in us.

This entire aspect of defiance for love of which the three Valentines showed connects the history of the modern Valentine’s day to bravery or "valor". The color red is associated to the bloodshed which occurred all in the name of love. Now, every year on this day, people remember. But most importantly, they think about love and friendship. And when they think of Emperor Claudius, Order of Prefect Placid Furius, and all those who persecuted the three saints, people remember how these persecutors tried to stand in the way of love, and the people laugh – because they know that love can't be beaten!

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